Informatics Publishing Limited

T. K. Sethuramalingam ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 PG Dept. of Electronics Science, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts and Science, Chennai–600 119, IN
2 Department of Instrumentation & Control Engg., SRM University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Micromachining and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies can be used to produce complex structures, devices and systems on the scale of micrometers. Initially micromachining techniques were borrowed directly from the integrated circuit (IC) industry, but now many unique MEMSspecific micromachining processes are being developed. In MEMS, a wide variety of transduction mechanisms can be used to convert realworld signals from one form of energy to another, thereby enabling many different microsensors, microactuators and microsystems. A 2D model of a MEMS based accelerometer is derived. High sensitivity and low noise floor is a prerequisite to micro-g vibration measurement. The effects of environmental sensitivities, such as base strain, thermal transients, and caustic noise may be significant. Attention should be paid, when measuring low-g acceleration using DC response accelerometers, to the direction of earth’s gravity.

Keywords

Micromachining, Micro Electromechanical System, Microsensors, Microactuators, Accelerometer.

Full Text

     

S. Maflin Shaby ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A polysilicon nano-wire piezoresistor pressure sensor was fabricated by means of RIE (reactive ion etching). This paper focuses the structural design and optimization of the MEMS Nano-wire piezoresistive pressure sensor to enhance the sensitivity. The polysilicon nanowire pressure sensor has 100x100nm2 cross section area and has a thickness about 10nm. The diaphragm in this work is made thinner than that of the conventional bulk silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors. The single polysilicon nano-wire piezoresistive pressure sensor was compared with the conventional bulk piezoresistive pressure sensor. Finite element method (FEM) is adopted to optimize the sensor parameters, such as the resistor location. The silicon nanowire under 340nm has a good piezoresistive effect. It was proposed that silicon nanowires has seven times the piezoresistive effect than the bulk silicon. The polysilicon nanowire is fabricated in such a way that it forms a bridge between the polysilicon diaphragm and the substrate. The fabricated polysilicon nanowire has high sensitivity of about 156 mV/V.KPa.

Keywords

MEMS, Piezoresistive Effect, Nano Wire, Pressure Sensor.

Full Text

     

S. Subhashini ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 Department of EIE, SRM University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Our country India is facing some drastic changes in the climatic conditions due to the heating effect caused by various greenhouse gases. The most harmful gas among them is the hydrocarbon family and is increasing at an uncontrolled rate. Hence an effective sensing and communicating system is required. This paper aims in finding out the quantity of the major polluting gas methane. The gravimetric sensor works by absorbing the chemical in a hydrocarbon sponge, which alters the overall mass of the sensing element i.e a cantilever, thereby its resonant frequency. Here a micro-cantilever beam is fabricated using selective Silicon Carbide coatings on the surface to selectively absorb the hydrocarbons. As the gases are absorbed the mass increases and hence there is a change in resonant frequency. This change in frequency gives the measure of the quantity of gas present in that environment. The major expected advantage of this technique would be the repeatability of the sensor that is used.

Keywords

MEMS, Cantilever, Resonant Frequency, Signal Conditioning Circuit.

Full Text

     

V. Manonmani ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Control Engg., Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Instrumentation and Control Engg., SRM University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

This paper aims to report the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Escherichia coli MTCC 118. The cell extract from this new strain is used for the first time for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This method of synthesis is a biological synthesis method by adding silver nitrate into the cell extract. This method is nontoxic, low cost and energy efficient compared to physical and chemical procedures [1]. Using the biological method, silver ions are bioreduced into silver nanoparticles from the cell extract of Escherichia coli MTCC 118. The formation of silver nanoparticles was then confirmed by indication of change in colour from colourless to reddish brown. This colour change was observed using UV-Vis Spectroscopy. UV-Visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ions was observed at the peak at 440-445nm corresponding to the surface plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles thus formed were further analyzed and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction Analysis) and AFM (Atomic force Microscopy). The average diameter of the silver nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 93-170nm using AFM. Samples given for further characterization of size and morphology of silver nanoparticles using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Further the synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against common bacterial pathogens. These biosynthesized silver nanoparticles may be used to develop a biosensor model for the detection of bacteria [2].

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Analysis) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).

Full Text

     

S. Sathyanarayanan ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, SRM University, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, SRM University, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the design and simulation of a capacitive pressure sensor system for industrial and biomedical applications. Employing the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, high sensor sensitivities and resolutions have been achieved. This report provides initial data on the design and simulation of such a sensor. The sensor is composed of a polysilicon diaphragm that deflects due to pressure applied over it. Applied pressure deflects the 2 µm diaphragm changing the capacitance between the Silicon substrate and the polysilicon diaphragm.  The pressure sensor provides a linear change in capacitance versus pressure in the range of 0.1MPa to 1MPa. The simulation result shows a displacement of 0.25µm / 0.1MPa of the diaphragm and capacitance of 30fF to 44fF in the linear region.

Keywords

Capacitive Pressure Sensor, MEMS, PolySi, Sensor.

Full Text

     

S. Subhashini ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 SRM University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the measuring technique of CO2 gas molecule present significantly in the atmosphere and its alarming rate of increase creates a cause of concern to protect the public and environment from chemical threats, by detecting at an earlier stage accurately and taking the needed action. The development of a MEMS sensor system to detect compounds from a mixture has paved way to the development of small scaled reliable detection systems. The paper provides a novel idea of incorporating a MEMS chemical capacitive sensor element with a monolithically integrated signal conditioning circuit. CO2 gas molecules are sensed using a parallel plate chemical capacitor which uses the adsorption principle. The adsorbed CO2 molecules will form the dielectric media of the sensor thereby changing the overall capacitance of the sensor. This change would in turn provide the quantity of CO2 molecule present. The change in capacitance could be known to us by using a suitable signal conditioning circuit, here a modified schering bridge is considered and the corresponding voltage output gives us the quantity of CO2. This paper provides an overview of the design of the sensor element and the sensing circuit.

Keywords

MEMS Chemical Sensors, Chemicapacitive Sensors, Polymer Fill-In.

Full Text

     

R. Narayanamoorthi ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ¹, G. Santhoshkumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The main theme of this paper is to eliminate the frequency split in short range Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system by magnetic resonance coupling. Analysis: The common basic two coils based magnetic resonance WPT system is taken for the analysis; the frequency and transfer coefficient are plotted for different dimensions of the coil. Using genetic algorithm, the lumped impedance parameters are determined, which is used for the tuning of the active matching circuit. Based on the experimental results it has been observed that the frequency split can be eliminated by tuning the matching circuit properly for the corresponding distance and higher efficiency can be achieved for short range. Findings: The frequency split elimination techniques can be used in dynamic transmitter and receiver wireless charging system. Application: This system can be employed in short range wireless power transfer such as neural implants, capsule robots, micro-robots and electric vehicle charging and so on.

Keywords

Maximum Energy Efficiency, Magnetic Resonance, Wireless Charging.

Full Text

   

Monica P. Suresh ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, St Peter’s University, Chennai - 600054, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of ICE and EIE, SRM University, Katankalathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, AX

Abstract

Objectives: Unlike conventional micro-pumps which have valves that fail as they keep flapping twice during each pumping cycle and a separate micro-needle array, through which drug is injected. The design here uses a micro-pump without moving valves and with the micro-needles integrated with the micro-pump itself. Method/Statistical Analysis: The dimensions for the micro-pump and the micro-needles are chosen based on the physical characteristics of the fluid that needs to be pumped (in this case insulin density, viscosity, size of the particles in the fluid etc). The model is constructed and simulated using COMSOL multi-physics software. Findings: The model is simulated to check the volume of liquid pumped during each cycle and to see if the model constructed remains stable when potential is applied to the actuating membrane. The simulation results showed that the micro-pump model constructed is stable under various levels of applied potential (+200V to -200V), results of which are presented in the following sections. It was also observed that the dead volume of fluid that is left in the pumping chamber is less as compared to the conventional model. Application/Improvement: This micro-pump was designed especially for insulin delivery. The actuation method being piezo-electric, the volume of fluid pumped can be altered by varying the frequency of the applied potential or the amplitude of the applied voltage. This model can still be improved if it can be integrated with a glucose sensor. Based on the level of the glucose measured the insulin to be delivered can be altered.

Keywords

Diffuser, Micro Pump, Micro Needles, Nozzle, Piezo-Electric Actuator, Valveless.

Full Text

   

R. Narayanmoorthi ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ¹, Omkar Mohapatra ¹, A. Dominic Savio ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The motivation of the work is to track the maximum efficiency of magnetic resonance based wireless power transfer system which uses either two, three or four coils. Analysis: The system consists of two sections namely transmitter side and receiver side, where the supply is given to the transmitter side and when any receiver is connected to the load by tracking the maximum energy efficiency operating point of the system and controlling the duty cycle ratio. The analysis is carried out for 2, 3 and 4 coil system in simulation and experimental test setup. Findings: This paper implements the maximum energy efficient tracking method for the 2, 3 and 4 coil wireless power transfer system. Applications: This system can be employed in electric vehicle charging, Bio implants, micro robots and so on.

Keywords

Magnetic Resonance, Maximum Energy Efficiency, Wireless Charging.

Full Text

   

R. Narayanamoorthi ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ¹, G. Santhoshkumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603203, IN

Abstract

Objective: The main theme of this paper is to analyze the wireless power transfer system efficiency in real time with different medium, distance and angle between the source and load coil. Analysis: The transmitter side of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system connected to the supply and receiver side is connected with load. The analysis is carried out for 2, 3 and 4 coil system in experimental test setup. Based on the experimental results it has been observed that the 4 coil WPT system gives better performance as compared with other two. Also it shows higher efficiency, if the angle of orientation of the load coil is small with the source coil.Findings: The four coil WPT system can be used in low power wireless charging devices with the distance of 3 to 15c.m between transmitter and receiver. Application: This system can be employed in electric vehicle charging, Bio implants, microrobots and so on.

Keywords

Magnetic Resonance, Maximum Energy Efficiency, Wireless Charging.

Full Text

 

Sanchanna Ganesan ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ¹, C. Likith Kumar Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To design a Sensor for the detection of bacteria in water and food like unpasteurized milk, undercooked beef, juices, soft cheeses made from raw milk etc. Methods: COMSOL 4.4 simulation tool is used to design the micro post array that captures the bacterial cell (E.coli) in the food samples. Findings: We propose a new approach in MEMS sensor design on paper substrate for the detection of bacteria in water and food. Paper based MEMS sensor are said to be less cost easily used and disposable, on sight implemented, bio compatible and easily fabricated. Application: The paper based MEMS is a raising technology particularly in the field of food quality control and food testing, health diagnostic, environmental monitoring.

Keywords

Biosensor, E.coli, Food Safety, Micro Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS), Micro Fluidics, Paper.

Full Text

   

P. Ramani Ranjan Senapati ¹, J. Sam Jeba Kumar ², A. Vimala Juliet ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Instrumentation and Control, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: Proper site selection of an electric vehicle to transfer the optimal power from grid to vehicle in a car park infrastructure. Analysis: In this sense, Fuzzy Logic Controller is designed in NI based LabVIEW platform. The controller is simulated through the graphical designing software, which has the capability of easy data acquisition, processing, monitoring and controlling. After that the practical application of this software in automobile industry provides a better performance of the respective unit which can reduce the cost and save the time. Findings: In this near future, electric and hybrid electric vehicles will play an important role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Since these vehicles use electricity as their primary fuel, it provides one of the most anticipating approaches towards the reduction of exhaust gas pollution. It has more or less impact on local or global emission profiles. Inductive charging station is a form of wireless charging workplace which uses electromagnetic field to transfer the energy from charging station to vehicle. This advanced technology needs a proper place alignment to park the vehicle in car park infrastructure. In this study, the most sustainable site selection method for this specific type of charging is investigated in an optimal way. This advanced controller will give a precise place alignment for car parking. The controller will be activated depending on the availability of parking slot. Improvement: For this kind of system, when a large parking area will be considered at that time some intelligent controllers should be designed for constant supply and distribution of power from grid to vehicle in a continuous manner.

Keywords

Car Park Infrastructure, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Inductive Charging, LabVIEW, Vehicle.

Full Text

   

G. Jegan ¹, A. Vimala Juliet ², M. Florence Silvia ³, G. B. V. Sai Krishna ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Sathyabama University, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of EIE, SRM University, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of ECE, SRR Engineering College, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of ECE, Sathyabama University,Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper deals with a new design approach for achieving reconfigurable function in Microstrip Patch Antennas. Methods/Analysis: Initially, the antennas are designed on three independent substrates for three individual resonant frequencies such as 2.45GHz (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and RF-ID), 5.5GHz (Wi-Fi, WLAN, and Wi-Max) and 7.5GHz (Indoor UWB wireless applications, Satellite and Marine Radar) using line feed technique for various wireless communications. And then, a new frequency reconfigurable rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna is designed with three patches which are installed on a single substrate using the same feeding technique, where RF power is fed directly to the center patch. The integration of patches on the substrate is made possible with RF switches. Findings: The performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth and radiation pattern of the reconfigured antenna were measured based on the RF switch on/off conditions. Applications/Improvements: Based on the return loss and bandwidth, the performances of both the reconfigurable and non-reconfigurable antenna designs are compared, tabulated and presented using ANSOFT HFSS 13.0.

Keywords

HFSS, Microstrip Patch Antenna, Radiation Pattern, Return Loss, Wireless Applications.

Full Text